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Don't bother though. There are ASICs now that are a lot more effective at Bitcoin mining, so doing it with GPUs is not worth it anymore and has not been for years.
Just don't let it overheat (like any other workload), and it's fine.
A long continuous load does less damage than something like gaming, where the die heats and cools constantly.
Hardware is designed to withstand being run at maximum capacity for its useable life, look at super computers, servers, etc.
Maximum load doesn't damage hardware, not taking care of it does.
On the note of gaming doing more damage; when something heats up it expands, when it cools it shrinks, this causes the die of the CPU/GPU to cycle growing and shrinking, over time it causes damage to it. More than what would happen to a GPU used for mining, one continuous load that keeps the same temperature.
Miners often run at lower voltages and clocks (to keep power down, thus temperature and power bills), this further prevents damage to the GPU/CPU, as higher voltage damages transistors.
Mining cards, by people that know what they're doing, are often better looked after those that are gaming.
Cards used for gaming will be exposed to constantly changing voltage and current, which increases and reduces heat constantly.
Constant load doesn't mean overheating.
I agree, unless you're doing large scale mining, it's pointless.
However, if he still wants to try, there's no loss except power, which won't cost that much.
If he can mine some coin, the payout would be worth it, considering current prices.
Mining with GPUs is still possible, and widely done, especially with other currencies such as Euthrium and Litecoin, etc.
It's not only ASICs that mine. Shouldn't stop anyone from trying it.
Only in the sense that using a product "damages" it.
Using it 24/7 would reasonably accrue whatever wear faster than using it normally, or sparsely. Fans might wear out and need to be replaced. Thermal paste might wear out. Barring any manufacturer defects though using the card isn't a problem to micromanage.
But it's not quite like hardware has a health bar and doing certain things chips away at the health bar and when you run out of health that's it...
This is like saying don’t drive your sports car over 30mph
You can run a GPU at full blast for a decade with no ill effects
HEAT is the thing that kills components.
Aside from that I'd say the days of making money mining bitcoin from a single gaming GPU are probably over. Maybe a bitcoin forum would have some more information about how viable your plans are though.
(Sorry this is my first time trying bitcoin mining on regular pc with i5 760 and 12gb ram and sapphire pulse Rx 550 OC edition)
Voltage depends on the GPU, since every card is different, I couldn't tell you.
I haven't mined any crypocurrency before, so I can't be of much help. But I don't think you're going to get that much done with your rig.
With his rig,he's very unlikely to earn anything, but if he had a better PC, then sure he could earn something, and costs wouldn't be very much, if you can game, you can mine. It costs pennies to run a GPU, using it in the downtime wouldn't do much to a persons electric bill (Unless said person lives in a country where they want extortionate prices for electric.)
Governments use it as a way to get rid of excess money to keep inflation in control. Nowadays, Cryptocoins work well to suck those billions of money and help banks&governments especially during current pandemics. However, it is not sustainable for the long run and these digital coins will suffer the inevitable when governments pull the plug.
ANY electronics that you run at full or higher power for long periods of time will shorten it's life.
A lot of people don't realise that silicon components have a sort of "wear". Maybe it's because people are so used to stuff running for years or whatever., and thinking capacitors or older components go bad.
But the doped silicon in all semiconductors WILL either break down or fail in time, especially if pushed hard.
It's very relevant if you perform any overclocking. The greater you push it, the shorter the life span. Of course, how much is really difficult to gauge because for one, it's not finite, and it's almost impossible to verify.
So the general question and rule of thumb is this:
If you're buying any item for longevity and you want to toddle along using it reliably for as long as you can, then DO NOT do anything like this.
If however, you're looking to upgrade every two years or a similarly short time, and you aren't too bothered, then you can push it.