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Condition: You are below 200 meters depth, your bilge pump cannot operate against pressures higher than 20 atmospheres and so it has 100% efficiency loss.
You have 50m³ of flooding on board. You have stopped the leak but you are still sinking so you adjust your ballasts. The chief blows exactly 50m³ worth of water out of your primary ballast tanks.
50m³ of flooding inside the pressure hull
50m³ of water removed from the ballast tanks
= neutral buoyancy.
Your ballast tanks have holes located at the bottom of the tanks that are completely open to the sea.. When diving the boat, the crew of the u-boat open 'vents' located at the top of the tanks. When these vents are open, the water pressure forces all of the air up and out of the ballast tanks.
This is like poking holes in the bottom of a milk jug and pushing it down into a bucket of water. The cap at the top keeps the air trapped inside. But as soon as you remove the cap, water comes flooding in and all the trapped air rushes out through the top. That's u-boat ballast tanks in a nutshell.
Now we get into the interesting physics..
Say you're 200 meters where there is approximately 20 atm of pressure. You squeak a little air into the ballast tanks, expelling about 10m³ worth of water out of the total 155m³ that your ballast tanks hold. This gives you positive buoyancy and you begin to rise. Your ballast tanks now hold 145m³ of water.
As you rise, the pressure outside the boat begins to drop from 20atm. As the pressure drops, the trapped air inside your ballast tanks begins to expand. As it expands, it begins to push more water out. As it pushes more water out, you become more buoyant.
By the time you reach the surface your ballast tanks went from holding 145m³ worth of water to being completely empty. Why? Because you pushed 10m³ worth of air into a tank that was under 20atm of pressure. But on the surface, at 1atm of pressure the trapped air has expanded 20 times.
TLDR: If you adjust your ballasts, you will need to adjust your ballasts AGAIN if you change your depth every 5-10 meters because your buoyancy will change.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2303529052
It is also included in Iron Coffins mod, so do not sub to both if you have Iron Coffins.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2421790822
Royal Raven,
Thanks for the sugestion already tried and had issues and from that mod or another one, I don´t know for sure, I had to start a new campaign because somehow it has corrupted the game and it wouldn´t load save files without crashing and not even the backup I made and file verification fixed it so I´m now using only the TDC mod as it helps quite a lot my play style with manual solutions.
McDewgle,
Very explanatory, thank you.
In short, that means my game does not have any issue and just happens I did not got to the situation of sinking down into the deep red that is when it becomes available?
So, the use of "Adjust Ballast" it´s just for situations when we are without any other option except sinking and that may act as a last resort Emergency "Blow the Tanks!" to save the Boat and crew?
You need to make sure you also subscribe to Custom Actions mod so it can work right.
In short, the reason 'adjust ballasts' is grayed out for you is because you don't have a reason to use it. If you had flooding on board, then you could use 'adjust ballasts' to compensate by blowing the equivalent amount of water out of your ballast tanks.
50m³ of flooding on board
minus
50m³ of water from ballast tanks
= neutral buoyancy
A) you were too deep to use the bilge pump
B) you don't want to run the bilge pump because it's too loud
The 'adjust ballasts' option is only available if there is flooding on board and it's purpose is to restore you back to neutral buoyancy WITHOUT pumping the bilge water out.
If you adjust your ballasts and then pump the bilge water out with your bilge pump, you will have a positive buoyancy.
If you adjust your ballasts and ascend to a shallower depth? The air inside your ballast tanks will expand, pushing more water out, making you more buoyant. This is why IF you adjust your ballasts, you will have to adjust them AGAIN every time you change depth, about every 10 meters.
If you adjust your ballast and rise my 10 meters? The gas inside the ballast tanks will expand, pushing more water out, making you more buoyant. If you descend by 10 meters? The gas inside your ballast tanks will shrink allowing more water into the tanks which will give you a negative buoyancy.
I really need to make a video for this.
Similar to rolling off a cliff. In order to float the crew has to actively pump water in and out of the ballasts continuously.
An exception is when the submarine is laid down on a thermocline, because the salinity and density is higher there, and subs can float on top of that layer. This was not done in WW2 of course.
Is negative adjusting of ballasts implemented? It wasn't appearing on my valve options. I adjusted ballasts to maintain level depth, but then once I went up to 50 meters and pumped out the water, in a few secs I surfaced without any control of diveplanes. At that time there should be an option to "adjust ballast" again so that the ballasts will now fill up to compensate for the pumped out water. I had to fix this by ordering "blow tanks", which instantly made me go into "surface mode", then dove again afresh.
Not before taking three hits to my conning tower which eventually cost me 4 pieces of repair parts.
But when you ascended to 50 meters, the air you squeaked into the ballast tanks began to expand, forcing more water out which gave you more buoyancy and you popped out of the water like a cork. This is hydrophysics.
So when you adjust your ballasts for the first time, you are now required to adjust your ballasts again each time you change your depth because of the pressure differential.
If you adjust your ballasts and then ascend 10 meters? You will become positively buoyant.
If you adjust your ballast and then descend 10 meters? You will become negatively buoyant.
Please test this out for me:
The 'adjust ballast' option will most likely become unavailable if you are neutrally buoyant or surfaced. But it should be available if you have a positive or negative buoyancy while submerged.
I vaguely remember reading a story where a submarine was damaged from a depth charge, but managed to stop the leak. While dropping, they attempted to cancel out the water on board by blowing air into the bow main ballast, but they overcorrected. The bow raised enough to cause the water to flow to the back thus raising the bow even more, causing the sub to rapidly surface. The sub ended being captured by three corvettes. Unfortunately I don't even know which navies were involved and during which war this happened, so I can't find the source for this.
Another issue would be that flooding a partially blown ballast tank underwater would cause a large amount of bubbles to appear at the surface, giving away the position to nearby sub hunters.
There is an unfortunate quirk, or bug in UBOAT all of you should be aware of if you want to "adjust the ballast": in the command room you can only broadcast the "Blow ballast tanks" command, the "Flood ballast tanks" command has to be given directly to an officer, as it can only be broadcast while surfaced.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2637107046
By selecting Klaus Graf, I can flood the tanks underwater:
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2637107110
I believe using the Improved Ballast Control or Iron Coffins mod fixes that issue and allows you to repeatedly use the 'adjust ballast' option.
Yes it should, but it isn't without additional steps.
If you go by your example (leak, repair, adjust) you get to 0% buoyancy at the depth you're currently at. This includes additional depth you gain through the negative buoyancy temporarily caused by the leak. If you hit adjust at 110m (after the repair) you'll sink further to e.g. 150m and level there.
From there you can go deeper (and loose buoyancy) or go up (and gain it) but the option to adjust again won't reappear.
Some strange behaviour of the whole ballast tank system also includes:
1. When you adjust the tanks before a leak is actually repaired you will level the boat to the amount of soaked water at the time of adjusting and not to anything that comes in addittionally e.g. you soaked 20m³ and hit adjust, the tanks will be blown to equal those 20m³. If you soak another 20m³, 40m³ or whatever amount of water isn't considered.
2. When you leak->repair->adjust and float at a certain depth and then take another leak the option to adjust won't come back again. You'll only be able to regularly blow the tanks or emrgency blow (if applicable). A regular blow in this case does pretty much nothing as it obviously is just the standard (minimal) blow to surface the boat.
After a regular blow in this case, the boat is set to climb to 0m/'surface-level'. When you now set another desired depth manually the option to adjust now appears again...
I'd say WTF?!